There seems to be a quite prevalent idea that some foods are 'good' for us, while others are 'bad' for us. But the truth is slightly more nuanced than that, and here's why:
Yes, it's true that, say, protein is good for us. But the human body is very cleverly designed. What it needs is enough protein. So protein's essential, never mind just good for us, but only up to a certain point, since the body can only store a certain amount of it. This is why there are daily recommended amounts for things like vitamins, minerals, calories and so on.
The same goes, of course, for vitamins. If for instance you didn't get enough Vitamin C, then you'd get scurvy. But your body works on a principle of getting enough nutrients rather than a mega amount of them - and if you took too much Vitamin C, you'd probably have an upset stomach and diarrhoea - your body can't store Vitamin C - it has to have a steady supply of it. Hence things like the 5 a day programme where you get 5 portions of fruit and veg a day.
And some of the things that are regarded as 'bad', such as fats, are actually essential too. It's just that there's so much fat in a lot of processed foods that many of us are apt to go beyond the recommended levels without even noticing.
One of the keys to healthy eating is to make sure you get a wide range of things - eating different fruits and vegetables and enjoying various types of meat, too. for an idea of how a balanced diet should break down, the eatwell plate should help give an idea. And the great thing is that - as long as your diet's balanced and you're not going over the limits - even things like cake have their place!